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1.
Rev. patol. trop ; 50(3)2021. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1292385

ABSTRACT

Information on areas colonized by snails that transmit Schistosoma mansoni is essential for planning schistosomiasis control measures. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to map the natural breeding sites of Biomphalaria spp. in the municipality of Peri Mirim, Maranhão, Brazil. The snails were manually collected and the breeding sites were geo-referenced (seven in the urban area and five in flooded fields), from November 2017 to March 2018. In the laboratory, the snails were examined for the presence of larval stages of S. mansoni identified by morphology and internal anatomy analysis. While no snails were found in the urban area, sixteen B. glabrata were collected in the flooded fields. No S. mansoni or other trematode infections were detected. Wild rodents, most likely Holochilus sciureus that could act as S. mansoni reservoirs, were also found in the flooded fields. These data indicate possible risk areas for further outbreaks of schistosomiasis transmission in the municipality of Peri Mirim.


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Schistosoma mansoni , Snails , Biomphalaria , Spatial Analysis
2.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 53: e20200176, 2020. tab, graf
Article in English | SES-SP, ColecionaSUS, LILACS | ID: biblio-1136887

ABSTRACT

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Curtailing the development of the aquatic immature stages of Aedes aegypti is one of the main measures to limit their spread and the diseases transmitted by them. The use of plant extracts is a promising approach in the development of natural insecticides. Thus, this research aimed to characterize the inhibitory effect of the hydroalcoholic extract of Caryocar brasiliense leaves on the emergence of adult A. aegypti and the main substances that constitute this extract. METHODS: C. brasiliense leaf extract was prepared by ethanol (70%) extraction. Bioassays using L3 larvae were performed at concentrations of 200, 300, 400, and 500 ppm. We identified the major secondary metabolites present in this extract, and performed toxicity tests on an off-target organism, Danio rerio. RESULTS: We observed a significant delay in the development of A. aegypti larvae mainly at a concentration of 500 ppm, and estimated an emergence inhibition for 50% of the population of 150 ppm. Moreover, the C. brasiliense leaf extracts exhibited low toxicity in D. rerio. The main compounds found in the extract were quercetin, violaxanthin, myricetin3-O-hexoside, methyl-elagic-3-arabinose acid, and isoquercitrin. CONCLUSIONS: Herein, we demonstrate the inhibition of mosquito development by the hydroalcoholic extract of C. brasiliense and suggest substances that may act as active principles.


Subject(s)
Animals , Aedes , Plant Extracts , Plant Leaves , Insecticides , Larva
3.
Rev. bras. parasitol. vet ; 28(4): 769-772, Oct.-Dec. 2019. graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1057975

ABSTRACT

Abstract Schistosomiasis is a neglected disease that affects millions of people around the world, being common in the state of Maranhão. A total of 225 rodents of the Holochilus sciureus species from the Western Lowland Maranhão were studied, of which 144 animals (64%) exhibited Schistosoma eggs in their feces samples. Macroscopic lesions characterized as well-defined whitish areas on the liver and spleen surfaces were observed. Histopathological examination revealed multifocal granulomas in the esophagus, liver, spleen, pancreas and duodenum, with structures compatible with Schistosoma mansoni eggs, as well as severe hepatic micro-vacuolar degeneration, multifocal and coalescent, with proliferation of random bile ducts and associated epithelial hyperplasia to areas of fibrosis. Adult forms of the parasite were observed in the blood vessels of the portal space. The lungs exhibited moderate and diffuse interstitial pneumonia with intralesional S. mansoni eggs. In the kidneys, hyaline cylinders were observed in the pelvis and diffuse hemorrhage. In conclusion, H. sciureus displays a pathological picture similar to human being. This rodent plays a role as sentinel in Baixada Maranhense.


Resumo A esquistossomose é uma doença negligenciada que afeta milhões de pessoas em todo o mundo, sendo comum no estado do Maranhão. Um total de 225 roedores da espécie Holochilus sciureus da Planície Ocidental do Maranhão foram estudados, dos quais 144 animais (64%) apresentaram ovos de Schistosoma em suas fezes. Lesões macroscópicas caracterizadas como áreas esbranquiçadas bem definidas nas superfícies do fígado e baço foram observadas. O exame histopatológico revelou granulomas multifocais no esôfago, fígado, baço, pâncreas e duodeno, com estruturas compatíveis com ovos de Schistosoma mansoni, degeneração micro-vacuolar hepática grave, multifocal e coalescente, com proliferação de ductos biliares aleatórios e hiperplasia epitelial associada a áreas de fibrose. Formas adultas do parasito foram observadas nos vasos sanguíneos do espaço portal. Os pulmões exibiram pneumonia intersticial moderada e difusa com ovos de S. mansoni intralesionais. Nos rins, foram observados cilindros hialinos na pelve e hemorragia difusa. Em conclusão, H. sciureus apresenta um quadro patológico semelhante ao ser humano. Este roedor desempenha um papel de sentinela na Baixada Maranhense.


Subject(s)
Animals , Schistosoma mansoni/isolation & purification , Schistosomiasis mansoni/veterinary , Sigmodontinae/parasitology , Parasite Egg Count , Schistosomiasis mansoni/parasitology , Schistosomiasis mansoni/pathology , Feces/parasitology
4.
Rev. patol. trop ; 45(3): 295-304, set. 2016. tab, ilus, graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: biblio-913278

ABSTRACT

Neste estudo, objetivou-se mapear os criadouros de Biomphalaria spp., transmissoras da esquistossomose mansoni, presentes no município de São Bento, localizado na região da Baixada Maranhense, área na qual esta doença é endêmica. Foram visitados 16 dos 22 bairros existentes na cidade durante o período de agosto de 2012 a julho de 2013. Os caramujos foram coletados com auxílio de conchas de captura e pinças, armazenados e transportados para o Laboratório de Parasitologia Humana da Universidade Estadual do Maranhão, em São Luís, onde foram acondicionados em aquários de vidro e alimentados com folhas de alface. Os moluscos foram submetidos à análise parasitológica à procura de estágios larvais de Schistosoma mansoni e identificados pela conquiliologia e por meio de dissecções. Em 18 criadouros mapeados foram obtidos 1.195 exemplares de Biomphalaria glabrata e de B. straminea. Nenhum molusco eliminou cercárias de S. mansoni. Considerando os resultados obtidos e os aspectos epidemiológicos relacionados à transmissão da esquistossomose, o mapeamento das espécies vetoras no município permitirá a localização e identificação dos criadouros, o que poderá auxiliar substancialmente os serviços de saúde locais nas atividades de vigilância e controle da esquistossomose, além de nortear futuros estudos epidemiológicos sobre a esquistossomose mansoni na região da Baixada Maranhense


Subject(s)
Biomphalaria , Schistosomiasis mansoni , Mollusca
5.
Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop ; 47(1): 79-85, Jan-Feb/2014. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-703162

ABSTRACT

Introduction: The Baixada Maranhense Microregion currently has the highest prevalence of schistosomiasis in the State of Maranhão, likely because this parasitosis is characterized as an occupational disease, and increased contact with water increases the risk of infection by Schistosoma mansoni. This paper reports the results of the first comprehensive freshwater malacological survey performed in the Baixada Maranhense Microregion. Methods: Freshwater mollusks were collected from the twenty-one municipalities of the Baixada Maranhense Microregion and from Bacurituba and Cajapió and were evaluated for infection by trematodes. Results: A total of 9,129 mollusks were collected (sixteen species), which included the first records of six species in the State of Maranhão: Gundlachia radiata, G. ticaga, Hebetancylus moricandi, Plesiophysa guadeloupensis, Pomacea bridgesii diffusa and Omalonyx sp. Biomphalaria glabrata was found in five municipalities, whereas B. straminea was found in nine. Biomphalaria glabrata and B. straminea were observed in syntopy in Pinheiro and São Bento. Of the 990 specimens of B. glabrata and the 2,109 specimens of B. straminea that were exposed to and/or analyzed for the presence of larval trematodes, only a single specimen of B. glabrata (0.1%) from São Bento shed S. mansoni. Other larval trematodes were first observed in mollusks from the State of Maranhão. Conclusions: These results indicate that the study area is epidemiologically important due to the presence of two natural vectors of schistosomiasis and the active transmission of schistosomiasis, which was confirmed in the infected specimen that was collected in this study. .


Subject(s)
Animals , Disease Vectors/classification , Gastropoda/classification , Brazil , Fresh Water , Gastropoda/parasitology , Population Density , Qualitative Research , Schistosomiasis/transmission
6.
Rev. bras. farmacogn ; 20(2): 282-288, Apr.-May 2010. tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-550029

ABSTRACT

Uma das formas de combate a helmintos que possuem moluscos em seu ciclo biológico é o controle da população malacológica. A tentativa de combater os criadouros naturais de hospedeiros intermediários, através de moluscicidas, tem sido uma das formas almejadas para a redução da incidência de enfermidades, como as esquistossomoses e fascioloses. Essa medida epidemiológica tem se concretizado através da utilização dos moluscicidas sintéticos que, dentre outras desvantagens, trazem danos ao ecossistema. Visando a obtenção de novos compostos, os estudos sobre a potencialidade de produtos naturais moluscicidas têm crescido consideravelmente. Alguns pesquisadores apontam os moluscicidas vegetais como fontes alternativas para o tratamento profilático de parasitoses. Tendo em vista a abrangência, endemicidade e relevância, este trabalho revela um maior enfoque à atividade moluscicida de plantas relacionada às esquistossomíases.


An effective way to combat helminthes having mollusk in their life cycle is by controlling their population. The attempt to battle the natural breeding of intermediary hosts through molluscicides has been the targeted approach to reduce the incidence of such diseases as schistosomiasis and fascioloses. This epidemiological measure has been performed using synthetic molluscicides which, among other drawbacks, cause damages to the ecosystem. In order to obtain new compounds, studies on the potential of natural molluscicides products are increasing. Researchers draw attention to molluscicides plants as alternative sources for the prophylactic management of parasitoses. In view of the scope, significance and endemism, the present work highlights plant activities related to schistosomiasis.

7.
Rev. patol. trop ; 34(2): 145-150, maio-ago. 2005.
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-426785

ABSTRACT

A prevalência da esquistossomose em áreas alagadas do Nordeste brasileiro é agravada pela presença de hospedeiros alternativos, como o roedor Holochilus brasiliensis. Entretanto, os efeitos de Schistosoma mansoni nesse hospedeiro, tanto no indivíduo como na população, são desconhecidos. Em investigação dos efeitos patológicos da invasão por S. mansoni no fígado e baço de H. brasiliensis, dez animais infectados (cinco machos e cinco fêmeas) e seis sadios (três machos e três fêmeas) tiveram seus fígados e baços extraídos 42 dias após o tratamento. Lâminas histológicas foram preparadas e examinadas sob microscópio de luz. Os fígados de machos infectados continham ovos do parasito com granulomas intensos ou moderados, enquanto as fêmeas mostraram dano tissular leve ou moderado. Os ovos do parasito também foram observados no baço de machos e fêmeas. Observou-se uma leve diferença entre machos e fêmeas quanto à resposta à invasão por S. mansoni


Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Female , Spleen , Schistosomiasis/epidemiology , Liver , Granuloma , Rodentia , Schistosoma mansoni , Brazil
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